Cause & Pathogenesis 原發(fā)性（泡沫性臌氣） Primary (frothy bloat) · 吃食大量豆莢類飼料
Grazing lush high legume pasture · 飼胃過多精料
Feedlot cattle on high grain rations · 精料過細或球狀飼料
Finely ground or pelleted feeds 繼發(fā)性（游離氣體性）--打嗝作用的物理性損傷Secondary (free gas bloat) – physical interference with eructation· 食道管阻塞
Risk Factors· 大量未成熟豆科植物
Lush immature legume pasture · 高精料低粗料日糧的牛Cattle on high grain low roughage diet · 慢性肺炎
Chronic pneumonia
臨床癥狀
Clinical Findings· 突然發(fā)作
Sudden onset · 腹部左側(cè)擴張---腰部坎窩
Distention of left side of abdomen – para-lumbar fossa · 厭食
Anorexia · 呼吸吃力
Labored breathing · 粘膜發(fā)紫
Cyanotic · 走路搖擺、倒地
Staggering then recumbency · 死亡
Death · 多數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)時已死
May be just found dead
診斷
Diagnosis· 病史、臨床癥狀、尸體解剖結(jié)果
History, clinical signs and post mortem results
鑒別診斷
Differential Diagnosis · 其它原因性突然死亡
Other causes of sudden death in cattle · 破傷風(fēng)
Tetanus · 水腫
Hydrops · 膀胱破裂
Ruptured bladder
尸解
Post Mortem
· Bloat line on esophagus – congested/cyanotic in cervical area-thoracic area pale
· Blood trapped in front of cervical inlet – compare pre-scapular lymph nodes to pre-femoral lymph nodes
· Rumen is very bloated and if frothy gas bloat – same consistency trough out – frothy
治療
Treatment· 臌氣是一種急癥
Bloat is an emergency · 將動物從牧草區(qū)移走
Remove animals from feed source · 若流離氣體多，通過胃導(dǎo)管放氣
Pass stomach tube and if free gas, air will come off · 若泡沫多，導(dǎo)管放氣作用不大-----可向胃內(nèi)加入多庫脂鈉（緩瀉劑），破壞泡沫，釋放氣體，在用導(dǎo)管放氣
If frothy, very little relief with tubing – add dioctol sodium sulfosuccinate to rumen contents-breaks down froth and allows gas to come to top-relieve with stomach tube
· Keep animal up and walking · 若情況嚴重，用大套管針鉆孔放氣或緊急手術(shù)處理
If animal is in severe stress, relieve bloat with large bore trochar or emergency Rumenotomy – emergency incision in left para-lumbar fossa – later closure · 慢性臌氣可用胃導(dǎo)管或手術(shù)---瘺管減輕
Chronic bloat can be relieved with a stomach tube or by surgery – rumen fistula
預(yù)防
Prevention & Control 泡沫性臌氣
Frothy Bloat· 限制豆類植物攝入量
Limit % of legume in pastureland · 限制每天吃青草時間
Limit daily grazing period · 放牧前飼喂奶牛