標(biāo)題: 草木樨中毒 [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: xiaowen0208 時(shí)間: 2008-1-13 14:51 標(biāo)題: 草木樨中毒 草木樨中毒
Sweet Clover Poisoning
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by Dr. Yachun Wang
病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理
Cause & Pathogenesis
· 草木樨屬干草中的香豆素被真菌轉(zhuǎn)化為雙香豆素
Coumarin found in sweet clover hay, is converted to dicoumarin by fungi
· 雙香豆素抑制維生素K的活性，而維生素K是產(chǎn)生凝血因子(II, VII, IX 和 X)所必須的
Dicoumarin inhibits the activity of Vitamin K, which is necessary for the production of clotting factors (II, VII, IX & X)
· 出現(xiàn)出血、腫脹及死亡
Results in hemorrhages, swelling and death
危險(xiǎn)因素
Risk Factors · 發(fā)霉的草木樨屬干草
Moldy sweet clover hay
臨床癥狀
Clinical Findings
· 出血造成皮下腫脹(可能是肢蹄腫脹)
Subcutaneous swellings caused by hemorrhage (maybe swollen legs)
· 口腔粘膜蒼白，虛弱并有血腫形成
Pale mucous membranes, weakness and hematoma formation
· 受傷后持續(xù)出血
Persistent hemorrhage after injury
· 不發(fā)熱但血管內(nèi)出血可造成死亡
No fever but can progress to death from intra-vascular blood loss
診斷
Diagnosis · 臨床癥狀以及尸體剖檢
Clinical signs and post mortem results
鑒別診斷
Differential Diagnosis
· 黑腿病
Blackleg
· 蕨中毒
Bracken fern poisoning
· 芐丙酮香豆素中毒
Warfarin poisoning
實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology
· 嚴(yán)重貧血
Severe anemia
· 血液凝集所需時(shí)間和凝血酶原轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，但血小板正常
Prolonged clotting and prothrombin time but normal platelets
· 飼料、血液以及肝臟中雙香豆素含量高
High levels of dicoumarin in the feed, blood and liver
治療
Treatment · 禁喂致病的腐敗草木樨干草
Remove source
· 輸血
Blood transfusions
· 每6小時(shí)服用維生素K1
(2mg/kg IM)，直至凝血酶原水平恢復(fù)正常
Administer Vitamin K1 (2mg/kg IM) every 6 hours until prothrombin levels are normal
預(yù)后情況
Prognosis · 一般救治較晚，治療效果不好
Poor as often too late to treat
預(yù)防
Prevention & Control
· 避免飼喂發(fā)霉的草木樨干草
Avoid feeding moldy sweet clover hay
· 將發(fā)霉的干草與質(zhì)量好的干草以1:3比例混合
Dilute moldy hay 1:3 with good hay