The Research Progress of the Ruminant Amino Acid Requirement and Ideal Pattern
Abstract: Inrecent years, The ruminant amino acid research has made obviousprogress with the development of the ruminant nutrition researchmethods. This article briefly elaborated the present situation inresearch of the ruminant restrictive amino acid, and described theresearching progress of the ruminant small intestine ideal amino acidpattern.
近年來,在反芻動物氨基酸營養(yǎng)研究和應用方面已取得了相當?shù)倪M展,但多局限于某一方面或停留在通過胃腸道和血液直接灌注等試驗研究水平,距離真正意義上的氨基酸平衡應用還有相當?shù)囊欢温烦?,許多研究工作有待完善和深入,如小腸氨基酸吸收、利用和周轉機制的研究;肝臟氨基酸代謝規(guī)律及與葡萄糖代謝的關系;肽在氨基酸營養(yǎng)中的作用;外周組織氨基酸分配規(guī)律等[1]。通過日糧手段對氨基酸平衡進行調控也有很多研究工作要做,如各種飼料瘤胃降解率和各部分氨基酸組成的數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立;微生物蛋白質和小腸氨基酸供應預測模型的完善;動物不同種類和生理狀態(tài)下氨基酸需要量和理想氨基酸模式的確定等[2]。根據(jù)特定生理狀態(tài)下動物的氨基酸需要模式,針對微生物蛋白質和過瘤胃蛋白質可進行初步調控,估測初調后小腸氨基酸的供應和模式,找出相應的限制性氨基酸,最后再利用過瘤胃保護氨基酸進行調控,以最終達到理想的氨基酸平衡模式[4]。
理想氨基酸模式能從一種理論發(fā)展成為一門技術,并在生產中得以應用,主要原因就在于生產中使用理想氨基酸模式,不僅使動物進食的氮有最大量的沉積,減少了飼料的浪費和環(huán)境污染,充分發(fā)揮了動物的生長潛力,而且在改變日糧組成的情況下仍可使蛋白質的質量保持恒定,從而可使動物的生產性能達到預期的要求。因此,隨著營養(yǎng)科學及氨基酸發(fā)酵工業(yè)的發(fā)展,限制性氨基酸的商業(yè)化供應量不斷增加和理想蛋白質研究不斷深入,理想氨基酸模式將廣泛應用于生產中,并發(fā)揮其更大的作用。 參考文獻:
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