The Research Progress of the Ruminant Amino Acid Requirement and Ideal Pattern
Abstract: Inrecent years, The ruminant amino acid research has made obviousprogress with the development of the ruminant nutrition researchmethods. This article briefly elaborated the present situation inresearch of the ruminant restrictive amino acid, and described theresearching progress of the ruminant small intestine ideal amino acidpattern.
近年來,在反芻動(dòng)物氨基酸營養(yǎng)研究和應(yīng)用方面已取得了相當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)展,但多局限于某一方面或停留在通過胃腸道和血液直接灌注等試驗(yàn)研究水平,距離真正意義上的氨基酸平衡應(yīng)用還有相當(dāng)?shù)囊欢温烦?,許多研究工作有待完善和深入,如小腸氨基酸吸收、利用和周轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制的研究;肝臟氨基酸代謝規(guī)律及與葡萄糖代謝的關(guān)系;肽在氨基酸營養(yǎng)中的作用;外周組織氨基酸分配規(guī)律等[1]。通過日糧手段對氨基酸平衡進(jìn)行調(diào)控也有很多研究工作要做,如各種飼料瘤胃降解率和各部分氨基酸組成的數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立;微生物蛋白質(zhì)和小腸氨基酸供應(yīng)預(yù)測模型的完善;動(dòng)物不同種類和生理狀態(tài)下氨基酸需要量和理想氨基酸模式的確定等[2]。根據(jù)特定生理狀態(tài)下動(dòng)物的氨基酸需要模式,針對微生物蛋白質(zhì)和過瘤胃蛋白質(zhì)可進(jìn)行初步調(diào)控,估測初調(diào)后小腸氨基酸的供應(yīng)和模式,找出相應(yīng)的限制性氨基酸,最后再利用過瘤胃保護(hù)氨基酸進(jìn)行調(diào)控,以最終達(dá)到理想的氨基酸平衡模式[4]。
理想氨基酸模式能從一種理論發(fā)展成為一門技術(shù),并在生產(chǎn)中得以應(yīng)用,主要原因就在于生產(chǎn)中使用理想氨基酸模式,不僅使動(dòng)物進(jìn)食的氮有最大量的沉積,減少了飼料的浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染,充分發(fā)揮了動(dòng)物的生長潛力,而且在改變?nèi)占Z組成的情況下仍可使蛋白質(zhì)的質(zhì)量保持恒定,從而可使動(dòng)物的生產(chǎn)性能達(dá)到預(yù)期的要求。因此,隨著營養(yǎng)科學(xué)及氨基酸發(fā)酵工業(yè)的發(fā)展,限制性氨基酸的商業(yè)化供應(yīng)量不斷增加和理想蛋白質(zhì)研究不斷深入,理想氨基酸模式將廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)中,并發(fā)揮其更大的作用。 參考文獻(xiàn):
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