[Abstract] The effect of different methyl-group donors (betaine and choline chloride) on vitamin B12 production in shake flasks with Pseudomonas denitrificans was studied, and the results demonstrated that the addition of betaine to the fermentation medium could greatly stimulate biosynthesis of vitamin B12. Betaine concentration in fermentation medium was further investigated in shake flask, as a result, 15 g/L of betaine was the most beneficial for vitamin B12 synthesis. Moreover, the effect of betaine on the fermentation of P. denitrificans was studied, it was found that the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthesis could be significantly improved when betaine was kept at certain concentration in the broth, thus the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 was greatly increased.
[Key words] Betaine;Cell growth;Vitamin B12 biosynthesis;δ-aminolevulinic acid,;Pseudomonas denitrificans
圖1不同甲基供體對(duì)P. denitrificans發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響
Fig. 1The effects of different methyl-group donors on cell growth(solid)(a), broth pH (dash) (a) and VB12 synthesis (b) of P. denitrificans in shake flask
由圖1a可見(jiàn),發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基使用甜菜堿的菌體生長(zhǎng)量明顯要高于使用氯化膽堿,其最大DCW分別為23.04 g/L和18.79 g/L。使用甜菜堿作為甲基供體,發(fā)酵過(guò)程中的pH較為穩(wěn)定,一直維持在7.0左右。而使用氯化膽堿作為甲基供體,發(fā)酵液的pH急劇下降,第48小時(shí)后pH降低至5.0左右,pH的下降很可能是由于氯離子積累而造成的。
由圖1b可見(jiàn),使用氯化膽堿的VB12效價(jià)明顯低于使用甜菜堿的VB12效價(jià),二者放瓶時(shí)(96 h)的VB12效價(jià)分別為20.75 μg/ml和48.45 μg/ml。
2.2 甜菜堿濃度對(duì)VB12合成的影響
在發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基中加入甜菜堿,濃度分別為0、5、10、15、20、30 g/L。發(fā)酵96 h后放瓶,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖2。
圖2 不同濃度的甜菜堿對(duì)VB12合成的影響
Fig 2. Effect of betaine on the cell growth and vitamin B12 biosynthesis of P. denitrificans
從圖2可以看出,在P. denitrificans發(fā)酵過(guò)程中,添加一定量的甜菜堿是十分必要的,它對(duì)VB12的合成具有明顯的促進(jìn)作用。發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基不加甜菜堿,雖然得到最大的菌體生物量,但是沒(méi)有VB12的合成。添加15 g/L甜菜堿的效果最好,VB12的效價(jià)達(dá)到52.18 μg/ml。
2.3 甜菜堿對(duì)P. denitrificans發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響
為了研究甜菜堿對(duì)P. denitrificans發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響,選擇15 g/L和30 g/L的甜菜堿在搖瓶中作進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn),以不加甜菜堿作為對(duì)照。
2.3.1甜菜堿對(duì)pH和菌體生長(zhǎng)的影響圖3為這三種不同濃度甜菜堿下,發(fā)酵過(guò)程的pH和菌體生長(zhǎng)變化趨勢(shì)。
圖3不同濃度甜菜堿下發(fā)酵過(guò)程的pH和菌體生長(zhǎng)變化趨勢(shì)
Fig. 2 Time course of pH (a) and cell growth (b) under various concentrations of betaine in shake flask culture by P. denitrificans.
Symbols: -■- 0 g/L of betaine; -●-15 g/L of betaine; -▲- 30 g/L of betaine
圖5 發(fā)酵液中甜菜堿濃度的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過(guò)程
Fig. 5 The dynamic change of betaine concentrations by the fermentation of P. denitrificans in shake flasks.
Symbols: -■- 0 g/L of betaine; -●-15 g/L of betaine; -▲- 30 g/L of betaine
從圖5的甜菜堿的動(dòng)態(tài)變化情況可以看出,在第48小時(shí)到第72小時(shí)期間,甜菜堿利用量最大。培養(yǎng)基加入15 g/L甜菜堿時(shí),在放瓶時(shí)(第96小時(shí))發(fā)酵中甜菜堿濃度降低到0.19 g/100 ml,這說(shuō)明15 g/L的甜菜堿剛好滿足發(fā)酵過(guò)程對(duì)甜菜堿的需求,不會(huì)因?yàn)樘鸩藟A的不足而影響VB12的合成。但是隨著培養(yǎng)基中甜菜堿濃度增大,反而會(huì)因?yàn)樘鸩藟A過(guò)量而影響VB12的合成,而且這對(duì)發(fā)酵成本的控制也是很不利的。
3討論
3.1 關(guān)于P. denitrificans好氧合成VB12過(guò)程中甲基供體的選擇
從兩種甲基供體對(duì)發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響可以說(shuō)明,使用氯化膽堿作為甲基供體,導(dǎo)致發(fā)酵液的pH迅速下降,抑制了菌體生長(zhǎng)和VB12合成過(guò)程中酶的活性,從而導(dǎo)致VB12合成速率下降。因此,選用甜菜堿作為P. denitrificans發(fā)酵產(chǎn)VB12的甲基供體是VB12發(fā)酵過(guò)程中很好的甲基供體。P. denitrificans發(fā)酵產(chǎn)VB12的過(guò)程中,在發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基中添加一定量的甲基供體能顯著促進(jìn)VB12的生物合成。而使用甜菜堿作為P. denitrificans發(fā)酵過(guò)程中的甲基供體,對(duì)發(fā)酵過(guò)程的pH控制和VB12的合成效率,都要明顯優(yōu)于使用氯化膽堿。
3.2 關(guān)于甜菜堿作為甲基供體對(duì)P. denitrificans好氧合成VB12發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響和在發(fā)酵過(guò)程中的使用
從甜菜堿對(duì)發(fā)酵過(guò)程的影響可以看出隨著甜菜堿濃度的增加,菌體量逐漸下降,這說(shuō)明甜菜堿對(duì)菌體的生長(zhǎng)有一定的抑制作用。培養(yǎng)基中不加甜菜堿,可能由于菌體生長(zhǎng)代謝旺盛,糖耗加快(數(shù)據(jù)未列出),從而造成pH下降迅速。而甜菜堿對(duì)菌體的生長(zhǎng)具有一定抑制作用,所以pH不會(huì)因菌體生長(zhǎng)過(guò)快而明顯下降。
在P. denitrificans好氧合成VB12的途徑中, ALA是生成咕啉環(huán)的關(guān)鍵前體物,ALA 合成酶對(duì)ALA的合成起著非常重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,它也是整個(gè)VB12合成途徑的關(guān)鍵酶之一[4]。Fa等[14]的研究表明,甜菜堿能顯著提高ALA合成酶的活性。由圖5的ALA和VB12變化可以推斷,由于甜菜堿能促進(jìn)ALA合成酶活性的提高,從而促進(jìn)了ALA和VB12的合成。但是發(fā)酵液中甜菜堿濃度過(guò)高,會(huì)對(duì)菌體的生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生一定抑制作用,反而會(huì)減少ALA合成量,從而降低VB12的合成。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果還顯示,發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基中甜菜堿濃度的高低不僅影響到ALA和VB12的合成,而且對(duì)P. denitrificans的菌體生長(zhǎng)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的影響。當(dāng)發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基中添加的甜菜堿濃度過(guò)高,會(huì)對(duì)菌體的生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生較大的抑制作用,反而更加不利于VB12的合成。
鑒于P. denitrificans合成VB12對(duì)甜菜堿的需求以及甜菜堿對(duì)菌體生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用,因此,在P. denitrificans產(chǎn)VB12的發(fā)酵過(guò)程中,可以采用甜菜堿補(bǔ)加工藝。通過(guò)甜菜堿的補(bǔ)加,在滿足VB12合成所必需的甜菜堿用量的基礎(chǔ)上,又不會(huì)因發(fā)酵液中甜菜堿濃度過(guò)高而影響菌體的生長(zhǎng)。
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轉(zhuǎn)貼于 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www.studa.net作者: fujianfuhq 時(shí)間: 2010-2-2 15:24
學(xué)習(xí)了,謝謝作者: wlei908 時(shí)間: 2010-2-20 10:38
歡迎大家交流甜菜堿在發(fā)酵行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn),技術(shù)資料,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)告等作者: 業(yè)務(wù)小兵 時(shí)間: 2010-2-20 10:41
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