[1] Li P，Yin Y L，Li D F，Kim S W ，Wu G Y. Amino
acids and immune function. British Journal of
Nutrition，2007，98：237-252.
[2] Kim S W ，Mateo R D，Yin Y L，Wu G Y. Functional amino acids and fatty acids for enhancing production performance of SOWS and piglets. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science，2007，20(2)：295.306.
[3] Wu G Y，Bazer F W ，Davis T A，Jaeger L A，John-son G A ，Kim S W ，Knabe D A， M eininger C J，Spencer T E，Yin Y L.Important roles for the argininefamily of am ino acids in swine nutrition andproduction.Livestock Science，2007，112：8-22.
[4] Kim S W ，Wu G，Baker D H.Amino acid nutritionof breeding SOWS during gestation and lactation.PigNews and lnformation，2005，26：89N一99N.
[5] Mateo R D，Wu G，Moon H K，Carroll J A，Kim SW .Effects of dietary arginine supplementation duringgestation and lactation on the performance oflactating primiparous SOWS and nursing piglets.Journaf of Animal Science，2008，86：827.835.
[6] Ramaekers P，Kemp B，van der Lende T.Progenosin SOWS increases number of piglets born.Journal ofAnimal Science，2006，84(Supp1.1)：394.
[7] Mateo R D，Wu G，Bazer F W ，Park J C，ShinzatoI， Kim S W . Dietary L-arginine supplementationenhances the reproductive performance of gilts.Journaf of Nutrition，2007，137，652—656.
[8] Yao K，Yin Y L，Chu W Y，Liu Z Q，Deng D，LiT J，Huang R L，Zhang J S，Tan B E， Wang W
[9] Frank J W ，Escobar J，Hguyen H V ，Jobgen S C，Jobgen W S，Davis T A ，W u G ．Oral N-carbamyl·glutamate supplementation increases protein synthesisin skeletal muscle of piglets．Journal of Nutri-tion，2007，137：315-319．
[1O] Wu G ，Knabe D A，Kim S W ．Arginine nutrition in
neonatal pigs．Journal of Nutrition，2004，134：2783S-2390S．
[11] Wu G ． Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism ．
[13] Fumarola C ，M onica S L，Guidotti G G ． Aminoacid signaling through the mammalian target of ra-pam ycin (mTOR) pathway：Role of glutam ine and
of cell shrinkage．Journal of Cellular Physiology，2005，204：155．165．
[14] W u G ， Self J T． Am ino acids： metabolism andfunctions．In：Pond W G ，Beu A W ，eds．Encyclo-pedia of Animal Science．New York：Marcel Dek-ker，Inc，2005：9-12．
[15] Yoo S S，F(xiàn)ield CJ，McBurney MI．Glutam ine supplementationmaintains intramuscular glutamine con-centrations and normalizes lymphocyte function ininfected early weaned pigs．Journal of Nutrition，1997，127，2253．2259．
[16] W ang J J ．Chen L X ，Li P ，Li X L ，Zhou H J ，W ang F L，Li D F，Yin YL，W u G ．Gene expres-sion is altered in piglet small intestine by weaningand dietary glutamine supplementation．Journal of
Nutrition，2008，138：1025．1032．
[17] Newsholme P，Brennnan L，Rubi B，Maechler P．New insights into amino acid metabolism ，beta-cellfunction and diabetes． Clinicaf Science，2005，108：185-194．
[18] Jobgen WS，F(xiàn)ried SK，F(xiàn)uw J，MeiningerC J，wuG Y． Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxidepathway in energy-substrate metabolism．Journal of
Nutrition of Biochemistry，2006，17：571-588．
[19] Tan B，Li X G，Kong X F，Huang R L，Ruan Z，Deng Z Y ，Xie M Y ，Shinzato I，Yin Y L，Wu G ．Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances theimmune status in early-weaned piglets． Am inoAcids，DOI：10．1007／s00726-008．0148-0．
[2O] Wu G，Bazer F W ，Datta S，Johnson G A，Li P，Satterfield M C，Spencer T E．Proline metabolism inthe conceptus：implications for fetal growth and de-velopment．Amino Acids，2008，35：691-702．
[21] Escobar J，F(xiàn)rank J W，Suryawan A，Nguyen H V，Kim ball S R，Jefferson L S，Davis T A ．Regulation
of cardiac and skeletal m uscle protein synthesis by
individua1 branched．chain amino acids in neonatal
pigs．American Journal of Physiology，2006，290：E612．E621．
[22] Wang X，Qiao S Y，Yin Y L，rue L Y，Wang zY 。W u G ．Deficiency or excess of dietary threonine
reduces protein synthesis in jejunum and skeletal
muscle of young pigs．Journal of Nutrition，2007，137：1442．1446．
Research Advances in Functional Amino Acid Nutrition of Pigs
KONG Xiang-Feng1 Y IN Yu-long1 WU Guo-yao2
(1．Key Laboratory of
Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process and Key Laboratory of
Agro-ecology
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changsha
410125，China；2．Departments
of Animal Science，Texas A&M University，College Station，Texas 77843，USA)
Abstract：Much attention has been traditionally paid to the role of amino acids in protein synthesis and their requirements in
animal nutrition．Recently，there is growing interest in regulatory roles of amino acids in nutrient metabolism and immune
responses．They are called functional amino acids which are necessary not only to animal growth and maintenance requirement．but also to the synthesis of bioactive molecules．Remarkably，arginine can enhance conception rates，embryogenesis，blood flow ，antioxidant activity，protein synthesis，immune cell proliferation，and intestinal development，thereby improve
fertility，fetal and postnatal growth，and neonatal health．Therefore，large-scale availability of feed-grade functional amino
acids holds great promise for enhancing the efficiency of nutrient utilization in pigs．[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition， 2009，21(1)：1-7]