天天翻譯：譯摘要，得論壇幣，長英語

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2.THE FUNCTION OF SOCIALLY FACILITATED FEEDING作者A. Lundberg 等
Hypotheses of the function of social facilitation include local resource competition,
learning about new food and increasing group synchronisation. To distinguish among
these hypotheses, information about the proximate causal factors involved is required.
In a series of four experiments we studied social facilitation and feeding in hens. Factors
investigated were (1) pecking intensity and food consumed by the stimulus bird by
altering the food deprivation time between 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours, (2) feeding motivation of the test bird by depriving the test bird for 0, 1, 6 or 12 hours, (3) whether food was novel in combination with differences in familiarity and rank of the stimulus bird and
(4) the novelty of food and whether stimulus bird were feeding. None of the different
deprivation treatments in experiments 1 and 2 affected social facilitation and no effects
of rank or familiarity of the stimulus bird was found. In experiment 3, testing novel food, test birds ate more of novel than familiar food (P=0.004). But in experiment 4, test birds ate more familiar than novel food (P=0.015) and in addition test birds ate more when
stimulus birds were feeding compared to standing (P=0.034), implying social facilitation.
In conclusion, social facilitation was only found in one experiment and the hypothesis
that social facilitation is caused by local resource competition or that the function is to
learn about new food resources can not be fully supported. Since social facilitation was
not always found, not even in the basic experimental setup designed to trigger social
facilitation, we also propose that social facilitation is not as clear a phenomenon as is
often proposed.
THE FUNCTION OF SOCIALLY FACILITATED FEEDING作者A. Lundberg 等
群體促進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)的功能
群體促進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)的功能可能包括局部資源競爭，熟悉新食物、增加種群整齊度。為了區(qū)別這些假設(shè)，一些隨機(jī)因素的數(shù)據(jù)、實驗是必需的。在以下四個實驗我們研究了蛋雞的群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)和飼養(yǎng)的問題。實驗的處理因素包括：（1）在1、6、12、24小時間對蛋雞禁食，觀察互啄強(qiáng)度和采食量的變化。（2）在1、6、12、24小時禁食后，進(jìn)行蛋雞誘食實驗。（3）不同的熟悉度和級別刺激蛋雞 不論食物組成是否新奇（4）食物的新奇能否刺激蛋雞采食增加。實驗結(jié)果：實驗1、2中不同的禁食方式對群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)沒有差異，也未發(fā)現(xiàn)在等級和親密程度方面的顯著作用。在實驗3中，同采食熟悉的食物相比，實驗組蛋雞采食更多的新奇食物（P=0.004），但是在實驗4中，同新奇食物相比，試驗組蛋雞采食更多的熟悉食物(P=0.015)，再附加實驗中，當(dāng)?shù)半u靜止采食受到刺激時，會采食更多飼料(P=0.034)，這可能有群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)的功勞。結(jié)論，僅在一個實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)，如果局部資源競爭會導(dǎo)致群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)，或者當(dāng)一種新資源不充足時，才能了解它的作用、功能。由于群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)難以經(jīng)常被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在基礎(chǔ)實驗中甚至特意引發(fā)種群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)，我們認(rèn)為群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)如同它一直被人們認(rèn)為的一樣，仍舊是了解不十分明了的現(xiàn)象。
附：試驗設(shè)計（3），由于原文不完整，翻譯的不太通順，請見諒。
    群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)：一個人的活動會由于有別人同時參加或在場旁觀，活動效率會提高，這種現(xiàn)象叫做群體助長或群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)。換言之，群體促進(jìn)效應(yīng)是指在別人面前，績效水平提高或降低的一種傾向。

水平有限，歡迎大家批評指正！

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