這幾個單詞如何翻譯？

zhangxinlq · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-19 22:16:48

本帖最后由 zhangxinlq 于 2011-9-19 22:21 編輯

1、Ad-lib feeding
2、trickle feeding
3、 saleable lean
4、stockmanship
5、flat-decked
6、straw-based yards

eliteman · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:04:55

本帖最后由 eliteman 于 2011-9-22 09:41 編輯

1、ad-lib feeding

ad-lib是ad libitum的縮寫，這是一個拉丁文，表示“隨意，自由”，早已經(jīng)被國外同行用于畜牧英語中，ad-lib feeding含義為“自由采食”

2、trickle feeding（=liquid feeding）濕喂，濕飼，如：trickle feeding system

[本人批注：此處翻譯為“濕喂”有誤，這個術(shù)語和濕喂(liquid feeding)無關(guān)，此詞條目前尚未被國內(nèi)主要權(quán)威工具書收錄，所以本人在八樓的翻譯也只屬個人看法，僅供參考。歡迎大家參與討論，說不定有一天你的翻譯會被收入權(quán)威詞典中。]

3、saleable lean--出售瘦肉(量)，指豬、牛屠宰后的肉總量減去脂肪、骨和損耗

可參考saleable beef--出售牛肉(量)（屠宰后的牛肉總量減去脂肪、骨和損耗）

吳常信等，《英漢畜牧詞典》，P1034

4、stockmanship--飼養(yǎng)管理技巧，飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)

如：pig stockmanship 豬的飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)

stress free stockmanship 無應(yīng)激飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)

5、flat-decked，這不是一個專業(yè)意義上的術(shù)語，只是一個普通的復(fù)合形容詞，意為“平鋪的，平列的，鋪有甲板的”，如果是用在畜牧領(lǐng)域，則通常使用前兩個含義。

6、straw-based yards--（=straw yards），鋪草運(yùn)動場（用此法養(yǎng)產(chǎn)蛋雞時，雞場分為雞舍與運(yùn)動場兩部分）

可參考straw yards--吳常信等，《英漢畜牧詞典》，P1126

zhangxinlq · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:18:52

eliteman 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:04
1、ad-lib feedingad-lib是ad libitum的縮寫，這是一個拉丁文，表示“隨意，自由”，早已經(jīng)被國外同行用于畜 ...

非常感謝！
trickle feeding 是濕喂，那么wet-feeding又如何釋義？

eliteman · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:20:58

本帖最后由 eliteman 于 2011-9-20 14:42 編輯

zhangxinlq 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:18
非常感謝！
trickle feeding 是濕喂，那么wet-feeding又如何釋義？

wet feeding=liquid feeding=trickle feeding=濕喂

補(bǔ)充說明：
1、上文等式的意思是三者都翻譯為“濕喂”。
2、但是加水的比列有所不同，從加水比例上來說wet feeding<liquid feeding=trickle feeding

zhangxinlq · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:38:38

zhangxinlq 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:18
非常感謝！
trickle feeding 是濕喂，那么wet-feeding又如何釋義？

Both wet-feeding and to a lesser extent, trickle feeding (Hunter, 1998) minimize aggression，在此句中如何區(qū)別？

eliteman · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:48:23

本帖最后由 eliteman 于 2011-9-20 14:49 編輯

zhangxinlq 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 14:38
Both wet-feeding and to a lesser extent, trickle feeding (Hunter, 1998) minimize aggression，在此句 ...

wet feeding加水比例小，拌好的飼料有些人稱為“潮拌料”；
trickle feeding或liquid feeding的加水比例大，拌好的飼料為“糊狀料、漿狀料”。

這些都屬于“濕喂”。

monica · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-20 18:33:45

本帖最后由 monica 于 2011-9-20 18:37 編輯

剛剛在 www.thepigsite.cn上看到一篇文章，或許能幫我們更好的理解trickle feeding.

Effects of Feeding and Housing Systems for Gestating Sows and Gilts

In the study a group containing 160 seven month old gilts was used to determine the effect of crated versus penned and drop-fed versus trickle-fed systems for gestating sows. The drop-fed systems allow the sow to obtain all of the nutrients needed for that day at a single moment, whereas the trickle-fed system forces the animal to feed over a 30 minute period. These 160 gilts were recorded for two parities. In the first parity, 117 farrowed, and in the second parity, 72 farrowed. All of the gilts came from the same farm and were bred through artificial insemination when standing estrus was shown. If the animal did not become pregnant, she was removed from the study, and therefore was not included for farrowing rate purposes.

A summary of "Evaluation of drop versus trickle-feeding systems for crated or group-penned gestating sows." by L. E. Hubert and J. J. McGlone, published in the Journal of Animal Sciences, volume 84, pg. 1004-1014.

eliteman · 發(fā)表于 2011-9-21 14:29:32

本帖最后由 eliteman 于 2011-9-21 21:51 編輯

trickle feeding翻譯為“濕喂”的確不妥。

但是，應(yīng)該怎么翻譯合適呢？“緩慢飼喂”？這樣翻譯似乎也體現(xiàn)不出這種技術(shù)的真正含義（怎么個緩慢法呢？）。
而也有國內(nèi)同行將其翻譯為“滴喂法”（廖新俤，當(dāng)前母豬舍系統(tǒng)綜述），我覺得更是非常不妥。

對于這個問題，我查了大量資料?？梢哉f，在書面的資料中基本找不到與trickle feeding對應(yīng)的中文說法?？梢妼τ谥袊鴣碚f，這還是一個新鮮事物。
但是國外（尤其是歐洲）的網(wǎng)站上已有大量關(guān)于trickle feeding的介紹和描述。
先看兩個截圖：

國外當(dāng)前養(yǎng)豬業(yè)中，這種飼喂技術(shù)一般是用在母豬上。對于群飼的母豬，為了避免或減少喂料時其相互攻擊、搶食，常采用此法，但使用此方法還需要配備專門的設(shè)備，這就是trickle feeding system。
在trickle feeding system中常依據(jù)母豬群中采食最慢的母豬的采食速度，來調(diào)整自動喂料設(shè)備的給料速度，即保證吃的慢的母豬的料槽中不至于積累飼料太多，又要保證吃得快的母豬的料槽中有料吃。另外，在母豬的各個采食位之間都有小短隔欄將其隔開。這些措施都可在一定程度上大大降低母豬間的相互攻擊、搶食。
下面是國外某兩種trickle feeding system的介紹。
1、
DozitA trickle feeding system for group housed sows.
Each sow has an individual feeding space where feed is slowly trickled into the trough at a rate to match her eating speed, releasing the feed this way reduces aggression between the sows.
Special Features

· Low cost durable non corrosive components are supplied for easy assembly

· Variable capacity up to 7litres of pellets can be easily and accurately dispensed to suit different animals

· Easy to use, the sows find feed from the first day without training

· Low investment as only 1 dispenser is required per 2 sows

· Clear Feed Scale marked to 100ml increments for accurate feed allocation

· Excellent feed flow resulting from conical shape smooth inner walls and asymmetrical discharge

· Pear shaped dump ball ensures all feed is easily dispensed from the feeder

· Transparent housing for quick inspection from all sides

· Easy access is gained via a large window for easy cleaning or to add individual medication

· Easy cleaning: The simple ‘click’ system makes removal for thorough cleaning quick and easy

· Personnel not associated with feeding time therefore able to move more freely amongst the animals

· Minimal maintenance: the polypropylene dispenser will give years of trouble free operation

2、The Big Dutchman SIMULTAN trickle feeding system
The Big Dutchman SIMULTAN trickle feeding system enables sows housed in groups to eat quietly and at the same time.

This is achieved by means of a constant trickle of feed into the trough. A sow dispenser above each feeding place is emptied by means of a second auger placed underneath and slightly offset. This auger runs very slowly so that a predermined amount of feed (90 to 110 grams per minute) trickles into the troughs.

The aim of trickle feeding is to keep all the sows at the trough and interested in their own feed. It is then no longer neccesary to keep them in seperate stalls at feeding.

上面這兩種trickle feeding system，第一種是兩頭母豬共用一個飼料分配器(dispenser)，第二種，也就是大荷蘭人那種，是一頭母豬一個分配器。

綜上所述，我覺得trickle feeding和trickle feeding system的翻譯可以歸納如下，僅供參考。
trickle feeding--采食速度跟蹤控喂法、智能跟蹤控喂法、智能緩時/延時控喂法、據(jù)速控喂法。
trickle feeding system--智能控喂系統(tǒng)、智能跟蹤控喂系統(tǒng)、據(jù)速控喂系統(tǒng)、智能緩時/延時控喂系統(tǒng)
說明：
1、如果在喂料設(shè)備系統(tǒng)里有計算機(jī)進(jìn)行綜合管理，上述兩個術(shù)語中都可以加“智能”兩字；
2、本人對以上兩個術(shù)語的翻譯特指養(yǎng)豬業(yè)，其它行業(yè)也有trickle feeding這個術(shù)語，但往往都有各自行業(yè)的特定意義。