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發(fā)表于 2012-12-3 11:50:00
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zjsookwl 發(fā)表于 2012-12-1 13:14
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非常感謝?。“俣仍诰€翻譯的,可能不是很準(zhǔn)確:
Internal Defects
內(nèi)部缺陷
Mottled yolks and discoloured yolks
斑駁的黃和變色的蛋黃
Description
描述
The colour of the yolk may be uneven or patchy, as shown, or vary from the desired colour range (deep-yellow to orange-yellow).
顏色的蛋黃可能不均勻或片狀,如圖所示,或不同所需的顏色范圍(deep-yellow至橙黃色)。
Incidence
發(fā)病率
Some degree of mottling occurs in more than 50% of all eggs. The severity of mottling increases as eggs become stale. Discoloured yolks are rare.
一定程度的斑塊發(fā)生在50%以上的所有雞蛋。嚴(yán)重的色斑增加雞蛋成為陳舊。蛋黃是罕見的變色。
Cause Control
因?yàn)榭刂?br />
Mottled yolks have been attributed to:
斑駁的蛋黃已歸因于:
Poor handling and storage
可憐的處理和儲(chǔ)存
Minimise storage time on the farm by: • increasing the number of pick-ups per week for grading or delivery to retail outlets. • collecting and packing eggs laid on pick-up days so that they are consigned on that day. • grading eggs while they are fresh when packing on the farm. Do not allow the temperature in the layer shed to become too high. Keep the coolroom temperature below 20 °C, e.g. at 12 to 15 °C (guidelines/requirements may vary in different countries) and the humidity at 70 to 80%. Examine egg handling procedures and equipment and modify to minimise rough handling. Oil eggs soon after collection. Use only an oil approved for this purpose by the relevant authorities.
盡量減少儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng):•增加一些傳感器每星期分級(jí)或交付給零售店。•收集和包裝卵回升,于是他們委托當(dāng)日。•分級(jí)雞蛋,趁鮮包裝時(shí)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)。不要讓溫度在層棚變得太高。保持coolroom溫度低于20攝氏°,例如在12至15攝氏°(準(zhǔn)則要求可能因國(guó)家而異),濕度在70至80%。檢查蛋處理程序和設(shè)備和修改,減少粗糙處理。不久后收集油蛋。只使用一個(gè)油批準(zhǔn)用于這一目的的有關(guān)當(dāng)局。
Thin shells
薄殼
Make sure that feed contains the correct amounts and proportions of nutrients, particularly calcium.
確保飼料包含正確的數(shù)量和比例的營(yíng)養(yǎng),尤其是鈣。
Gossypol in cottonseed meal
棉子餅粕中棉酚
Limit cottonseed meal with high gossypol content to 5% of the layer diet (recent work indicates that up to 10% of some solvent-extracted cottonseed meal products can be safely used as they have low levels of gossypol due to newer varieties and improved processing). If the diet contains high gossypol cottonseed meal, add iron at the rate of 0.05% by weight of the diet. This can be achieved by adding ferrous sulphate powder at the rate of 0.25% by weight of the diet.
限制高棉酚的棉籽粕含量的5%層飲食(最近的工作表明,多達(dá)10%的一些脫酚棉籽粕可以安全地用來作為他們有低層次的棉酚由于新品種改良和處理)。如果飲食中含有高棉酚的棉籽粕,添加鐵的速度在0.05%的重量的飲食。這可以通過添加硫酸亞鐵粉率在0.25%的重量的飲食。
Treatment for worms
治療蠕蟲
Do not use combinations of the worming drugs piperazine, phenothiazine and dibutyltin dilaurate immediately before or during lay. However, the use of any one of these drugs at the recommended and approved dose rate is not detrimental.
不要使用組合的驅(qū)蟲藥哌嗪,吩噻嗪和二月桂酸二丁基錫,立即之前或期間躺。然而,使用任何一種這些藥物的建議和批準(zhǔn)劑量率不是有害的。
Certain antioxidants Do not feed gallic acid or tannic acid to laying hens.
某些抗氧化劑不喂沒食子酸和單寧酸對(duì)蛋雞。
Raw soybean meal Use only heat-treated soybean products in layer diets.
大豆粉只使用熱處理大豆產(chǎn)品蛋雞日糧。
Discoloration of yolks has been attributed to:
變色蛋黃已被歸因于:
Gossypol in cottonseed meal
棉子餅粕中棉酚
Prevent bluish-green yolks by limiting cottonseed meal with high gossypol content to 5% of the layer diet. New varieties and improved processing of CSM have been developed that have low levels of gossypol. If the diet contains cottonseed meal with high gossypol levels, add iron at the rate of 0.05% by weight of the diet. This can be achieved by adding ferrous sulphate powder at die rate of 0.25% by weight of the diet.
藍(lán)黃,防止通過限制高棉酚的棉籽粕含量的5%層飲食。新品種改良和處理的病已經(jīng)制定,有低層次的棉酚。如果飲食中含有高棉酚的棉籽粕水平,增加鐵的速度在0.05%的重量的飲食。這可以通過添加硫酸亞鐵粉死率0.25%的重量的飲食。
The weed shepherd’s purse Prevent green yolks by excluding this plant from the diet.
雜草薺菜防止綠蛋黃排除這種植物的飲食。
Cyclopropene fatty acids in cottonseed and certain weeds, e.g. marshmallow
環(huán)丙烯脂肪酸在棉籽和某些雜草,如棉花糖
These substances may cause the yolk to become a salmon colour after storage. Exclude weeds from the layer diet.
這些物質(zhì)可使蛋黃成為鮭魚色后存儲(chǔ)。從飲食中排除草層。
DPPD (diphenyl-para-phenylenediamine)
dppd(diphenyl-para-phenylenediamine)
The antioxidant DPPD (diphenyl-paraphenylenediamine) (where approved for use) can cause excessive amounts of pigments from the feed to be deposited into the yolk.
抗氧化dppd(diphenyl-paraphenylenediamine)(凡批準(zhǔn)使用)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致過量的顏料從飼料存入蛋黃。
Worms or disease
蠕蟲病
Disease or infestation with capillaria worms (cropworms) can produce ‘blond’ or ‘platinum’ yolks. Follow effective vaccination programmes against disease, observe hygiene measures and control worms.
疾病或感染毛細(xì)蠕蟲(cropworms)可以產(chǎn)生“金發(fā)”或“白金”蛋黃。按照有效的疫苗接種方案,遵守衛(wèi)生措施和控制蠕蟲。
Balance of yellow to red pigments
平衡黃色至紅色的顏料
A low yellow:red carotenoid ratio in the feed, for example 1.25:1, will produce apricot-coloured yolks. Maintain a yellow:red ratio of approximately 3:1, particularly when diets are low in natural pigments.
低黃紅色的類胡蘿卜素在飼料中的比例,例如1.25 : 1,將產(chǎn)生是杏黃色的蛋黃。保持一個(gè)黃色:紅色的比例約為3 : 1,特別是當(dāng)飲食低,天然色素。
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