水產(chǎn)飼料粒度控制要求與粒度控制技術(shù)

nety · 發(fā)表于 2007-7-12 19:03:52

原載：《新飼料》雜志2006年第1期 江南大學(xué)食品學(xué)院/過世東<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p></o:p>
摘要:本文分析了原料粒度對消化率、營養(yǎng)平衡、顆粒質(zhì)量等的影響，提出水產(chǎn)飼料    的粒度要求；建議通過粉碎設(shè)備的正確選用、粉碎作業(yè)的合理安排及規(guī)范粒度檢測制度等措施來保證水產(chǎn)飼料的粒度質(zhì)量。
關(guān)鍵詞：水產(chǎn)飼料  粒度  加工質(zhì)量
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1. 粒度對消化率的影響<o:p></o:p>
1.1 粒度與消化率
飼料被水產(chǎn)動物食入后，在齒嚼、腸胃蠕動等機(jī)械力作用下破碎并和消化液攪拌混合。消化液浸潤并水解飼料，使其中的蛋白質(zhì)、淀粉、脂肪等大分子營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)成為可吸收利用的小分子。
飼料被消化,首先得和消化液接觸。增加飼料粒子的表面積，就增加了飼料和消化液的直接接觸面積，同時也加快了消化液滲透到飼料粒子內(nèi)部的速度。飼料粒子表面積不容易直接測得，但可由以下公式計(jì)算飼料粒子總表面積：
<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/work_1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image001.wmz"></v:imagedata> 
式中：At：粉料粒子總表面積（cm2）<o:p></o:p>
      φS：表面積形狀系數(shù)，球形φS=π<o:p></o:p>
      w：總質(zhì)量（g）<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 58.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.57; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>φV：體積形狀系數(shù), 球形φV=π/6<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 58.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.57; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>ρ：密度（g/cm3）<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 58.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.57; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>sgw：粒度幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差（cm）<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 58.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.57; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>dgww：幾何平均粒度（cm）<o:p></o:p>
飼料粉碎越細(xì)，粒度越小，表面積越大，和消化液接觸面越大，消化液浸透飼料所需的時間就越短。蝦和部分魚的消化道很短，更有必要增加粒子表面積，以縮短飼料消化所需的時間，提高飼料消化率。
1.2 水產(chǎn)飼料原料粒度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
各種水產(chǎn)動物及不同生長期的同種水產(chǎn)動物對飼料的粉碎粒度要求不同。在我國2003年前的水產(chǎn)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對此提出的指標(biāo)如表1。
表1        水產(chǎn)飼料原料粉碎粒度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)<o:p></o:p>
<TABLE style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 315.2pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=420 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 20.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 20.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=73>
飼料名稱</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 20.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
適用期</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 20.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
試驗(yàn)篩網(wǎng)孔尺寸/mm</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 20.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
篩上物比例/%</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 20.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99>
引自于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=4>
鯉魚飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46 rowSpan=2>
魚種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.425</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤1</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=4>
SC/T1026—2002</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.250</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤10</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46 rowSpan=2>
成魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.600</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤1</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.425</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤10</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
草魚飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚苗</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.250</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤15.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=3>
SC/T1024—2002</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.355</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤10.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
食用魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.500</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤10.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 21.2pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
大黃魚飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚苗</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.20</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤6.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 21.2pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=3>
SC/T2012—2002</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤3.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
食用魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
真鯛飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
稚魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.20</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=2>
SC/T2007—2001</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
苗種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤2.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
養(yǎng)成魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99>
 <o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
牙鲆飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
稚魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.20</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=3>
SC/T2006—2001</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
苗種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤2.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
養(yǎng)成魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.25</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
虹鱒飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚苗</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=3>
SC/T1030.7—1999</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
魚種</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.30</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
育成魚</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.45</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=3>
中華鱉飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
稚鱉</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.18</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤4</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=3>
SC/T1047—2001</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
幼鱉</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.18</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤6</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
成鱉</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.18</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤8</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=2>
對蝦飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46 rowSpan=2>
整個養(yǎng)殖期</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.425</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤2</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=2>
SC/T2002—2002</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.250</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 55.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=73 rowSpan=4>
蛙類飼料</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
蝌蚪</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.180</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 74.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=99 rowSpan=4>
SC/T1056—2002</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
仔蛙</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.180</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
幼蛙</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.250</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 16.15pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 34.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=46>
成蛙</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 82.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=110>
0.250</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 68.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.15pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=91>
≤5.0</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
水產(chǎn)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制訂中，既考慮了當(dāng)時水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對飼料加工質(zhì)量的要求，又兼顧了飼料生產(chǎn)的總體水平。隨著養(yǎng)殖模式的改變、養(yǎng)殖水平及飼料生產(chǎn)水平的提高，部分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也將修正和完善。
2. 粒度對產(chǎn)品均勻度的影響<o:p></o:p>
2.1．均勻度對粒度的要求
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>Pfost從數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)理論分析出，只有當(dāng)一組分的粒子數(shù)在每份料中多于900顆時，對該組份的檢測準(zhǔn)確性才有保證。某組份在各份飼料中的粒子數(shù)大于等于20顆時，營養(yǎng)偏差才不至于很大。也就是說，飼料產(chǎn)品的均勻與否，不僅僅由混合設(shè)備而定，如某一組分的粒子數(shù)不足，該組份是難以分布均勻的。
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>當(dāng)某一組分在飼料中占有的配比確定后，這一組份在每份飼料中的平均粒子數(shù)取決于兩個因素：每份料的重量和該組份的粒度。
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>考慮動物對營養(yǎng)組分的利用和調(diào)節(jié)能力，在飼料均勻度評定中，通常以每一動物個體，每日的采食量為每份飼料的重量。因種類和生長期的不同，水產(chǎn)動物的日采食量有很大的變動范圍。成年青魚和草魚的日采食量可達(dá)30g以上，而幼蝦的日采食量僅幾毫克。某一組分，如以同樣的粒度和配比分別出現(xiàn)在成年青魚飼料和幼蝦飼料中，則每份成年青魚料中該組分的粒子數(shù)就是幼蝦料中的數(shù)千倍。該組份在成年青魚料中分布均勻毫不困難，而在幼蝦料中就有可能無法分布均勻。
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>對于粒度均一的組份，可由組份重量按下式算出粒子數(shù)：
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/work_1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image003.wmz"></v:imagedata> 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>式中：Nt：粉料粒子數(shù)（個）
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>      w：總重量（g）
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>      ρ：密度（g/cm3）<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 55.15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>φv：體積形狀系數(shù)，球形φv=π/6<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 55.15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>d：粒徑（cm）
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>上式表示，顆粒個數(shù)與粒徑的三次方成反比。將粒徑縮小成原粒徑的一半，顆粒個數(shù)相應(yīng)增加7倍。
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>水產(chǎn)飼料中除某些粒度很小的化工產(chǎn)品可近似地將其視為粒度均一，絕大部分經(jīng)粉碎后的原料都有較寬的粒度分布范圍。對粒度分布不均勻的組份，按下式計(jì)算而得的粒子數(shù)更接近于實(shí)際粒子數(shù) 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>式中：Nt、ρ、φv同上一式<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>      sgw：粒度幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>      dgw：幾何平均粒度（cm）
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>在水產(chǎn)飼料生產(chǎn)及檢測中，常將粉狀料能通過某一檢查篩作為衡量粉料粗細(xì)度的依據(jù)。如將粉料粒子近似地視為球體，則檢查篩篩孔的尺寸就表示了粉料中最大顆粒的直徑。對粉碎產(chǎn)物而言，粉料的平均粒徑近似等于最大粒子直徑的1/3。
根據(jù)配方、粉碎后能通過的檢查篩篩號及飼料種類，可算出某一組份具有的粒子數(shù)，由此判斷該組份在成品中分布均勻的可能性。也可按混合均勻所需粒子數(shù)，確定某一組份必須達(dá)到的粉碎粒度。
2.2．特殊飼料形式對粒度的要求
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>幼小魚蝦體型小，日采食量僅數(shù)毫克或幾十毫克。而在每一份日糧中又包含著幾十種飼料組分。只有當(dāng)這些組分的粒度足夠小時，它們才可能被幼小魚蝦均勻地采食。<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>用于幼魚、幼蝦的微囊飼料本身粒徑就極小，若要求每一顆飼料都保證營養(yǎng)全面，則飼料原料必須粉碎的更細(xì)小。表2列出了微囊蝦飼料中，要使配比量為1%，0.5%，0.1%的三種組份在每顆成品飼料中達(dá)到20粒所允許的原料最大粒徑。
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left><o:p></o:p> 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.7pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>表2            微囊蝦飼料原料最大允許粒徑         （μm）<o:p></o:p>
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適用生長期<o:p></o:p></TD>
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微囊飼料<o:p></o:p></TD>
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1%組分</TD>
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0.5%組分<o:p></o:p></TD>
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0.1%組分<o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
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蚤狀期<o:p></o:p></TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 51.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=68>
100<o:p></o:p></TD>
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24<o:p></o:p></TD>
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19<o:p></o:p></TD>
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11<o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
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糠蝦期<o:p></o:p></TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 51.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=68>
200<o:p></o:p></TD>
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48<o:p></o:p></TD>
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38<o:p></o:p></TD>
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22<o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 13.1pt">
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 58.65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 1.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=78>
仔蝦期<o:p></o:p></TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 51.3pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 1.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=68>
500<o:p></o:p></TD>
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119<o:p></o:p></TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 58.65pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 1.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.1pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=78>
94<o:p></o:p></TD>
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55<o:p></o:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
 
以撞擊力為主的固體粉碎機(jī)極少能將飼料粉碎到粒徑小于50μm。根據(jù)表4-1-6的要求，必須采用特殊的方法進(jìn)行微囊飼料的原料粉碎。膠體磨等用于食品、制藥、化工等行業(yè)的濕料粉碎設(shè)備成為制作微囊飼料的必備工具。但要得到粒度小于10μm的粉碎物，在目前仍是微囊飼料加工中的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。對某些組份選用可溶性原料。溶解后，使其以分子狀態(tài)混入其它組分，從而提高均勻分布性。
用于飼料粒度檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩，篩孔尺寸不小于45μm。當(dāng)篩孔尺寸小于45μm時，篩理過程極難正常進(jìn)行。對于微囊飼料原料的粒度測定應(yīng)采用顯微鏡法、氣流分級法等進(jìn)行。
3. 粒度對制粒質(zhì)量的影響<o:p></o:p>
3.1．粒度與調(diào)質(zhì)
水產(chǎn)飼料加工中的調(diào)質(zhì)是對原料的水熱處理過程。當(dāng)蒸汽與飼料原料接觸時，熱量和水分同時作用于各個粉粒的表面并向粉粒內(nèi)部傳遞。熱量的傳遞依靠粉粒內(nèi)部分子振動按溫度梯度從表及里快速進(jìn)行。而水分的傳遞則通過粉粒中存在的毛細(xì)管慢慢向內(nèi)滲透。圖1中的兩條曲線，一條表示粉粒周邊由水包裹時，粉粒中心水分由12%達(dá)到30%所需的時間；另一條曲線為粉粒周邊溫度為95℃時，粒心溫度由室溫達(dá)到90℃所需的時間。

<IMG height=228 src="http://www.cnm51.com/images/News/20060531_hglfnaub.gif" width=325 border=0>
圖1的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果反映出，熱量的傳遞速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于水份的傳遞速度。既然調(diào)質(zhì)是對物料的水熱處理，只有在水分和熱量同時作用于物料時才會達(dá)到應(yīng)有的效果。水分傳遞所需時間長將影響調(diào)質(zhì)中的水熱處理效果。只有減短水分完全濕潤粉粒所需的時間，才能增加水分和熱量共同作用于全部飼料的時間。
粉粒的粒度減小，可增加水分進(jìn)入粒子內(nèi)部的通道和減小水分達(dá)到粒心的距離，是縮短滲透所需時間的有效措施。因而在一定范圍內(nèi)減小原料粒度是提高調(diào)質(zhì)效果的常用手段。
從單個粉粒來看，粒子越小，被蒸汽完全濕潤所需時間越短。但在水產(chǎn)飼料生產(chǎn)中，并非所有徑微粉碎的物料都能在很短的時間內(nèi)達(dá)到理想的水分分布。隨著粒度的減小，飼料的流動性變差，易于結(jié)團(tuán)。在蒸汽質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)低于粉粒質(zhì)量的調(diào)質(zhì)條件下，常形成內(nèi)干外濕的料團(tuán)。一些實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)粉碎越細(xì)，調(diào)質(zhì)效果越差的結(jié)果，粉料結(jié)團(tuán)可能是主要原因。改良調(diào)質(zhì)器的蒸汽進(jìn)入方式、增大槳板轉(zhuǎn)速及調(diào)整槳板偏角等措施，能在某種程度上減小細(xì)粉物料團(tuán)的直徑。
圖1 顯示的水分傳遞時間曲線與二次方程曲線相吻合，即濕潤粒心所需的時間隨粒徑的二次方增加。當(dāng)粉粒粒徑較大時，其增量很可觀，但在粉粒粒徑很小的情況下，再減小粒徑，濕潤粒心所需時間的絕對量減少就意義不大了。所以，實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中反映出，在粒徑的一定范圍內(nèi)，調(diào)質(zhì)效果最為理想。
3.2．粒度與耐水性
硬顆粒壓制中，在壓輥、壓模作用下，飼料穿越?？壮尚投?。各粉粒過孔期間的變形、貼緊、粘合等物理變化進(jìn)行的程度與粒子大小有關(guān)。原料粒度大，則難以軟化，可塑性差；粒子間接觸面積小，易留下空隙；具粘結(jié)力的物料不易分布均勻，不具粘結(jié)力的物料更易于脫落。這些特性使粒度大的原料難以制得耐水性好的硬顆粒水產(chǎn)飼料。采用不同加工工藝進(jìn)行同一配方的水產(chǎn)硬顆粒飼料生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品耐水性狀況如表3所示。
表3      微粉碎對硬顆粒耐水性的影響<o:p></o:p>
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<TR style="HEIGHT: 30pt">
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加工方法</TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: green 1.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 0.75pt solid; HEIGHT: 30pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=173>
流水中10分鐘
顆粒完好率%</TD></TR>
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不經(jīng)微粉碎、不調(diào)質(zhì)</TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8; mso-border-top-alt: solid green .75pt" vAlign=top width=173>
24.3</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 12pt">
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 165.2pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 12pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=220>
經(jīng)微粉碎、不調(diào)質(zhì)</TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 12pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=173>
74.5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 12.75pt">
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 165.2pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=220>
不經(jīng)微粉碎、調(diào)質(zhì)</TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=173>
78.9</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 6.75pt">
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 165.2pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 1.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 6.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=220>
經(jīng)微粉碎、調(diào)質(zhì)</TD>
<TD style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: green 1.5pt solid; HEIGHT: 6.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #ece9d8" vAlign=top width=173>
88.0</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
制粒前不管是否調(diào)質(zhì)，原料微粉碎都有益于提高產(chǎn)品的耐水性。表3的結(jié)果也反映出，微粉碎和調(diào)質(zhì)對改良顆粒耐水性都有效。也僅當(dāng)這兩項(xiàng)操作合理配合時，產(chǎn)品耐水性才有保障。
3.3．粒度與顆粒表面 
硬顆粒水產(chǎn)飼料制造中，原料中的大粉粒在三個方面影響產(chǎn)品的表面質(zhì)量。在圓柱體顆粒飼料兩端，大粒子原料使切口不平?？油莸亩嗣娌粌H影響外觀，同時會增加顆粒飼料的含粉率；在成型過程中，大粒子與周邊其它物料受力不勻，使顆粒飼料中存在較大的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。在冷卻干燥、儲運(yùn)等操作中，內(nèi)應(yīng)力加大導(dǎo)致顆粒表面裂縫或是顆粒斷裂，影響顆粒大小的均一和表面的平整；各種原料的顏色不同。各種大粒子原料間的色差、大粒子與細(xì)粉末間的色差，在顆粒飼料表面留下不規(guī)則斑點(diǎn)，給人以不均勻的感覺。 
水產(chǎn)飼料原料中常含有糠麩、餅粕等粗纖維含量較高的原料。粗纖維含量高的物料不易軟化，不易變形，一旦出現(xiàn)在擠壓顆粒飼料表面，常使顆粒外觀凹凸毛糙；存在于顆粒表面的大粉粒，如與周邊物料的膨化度不一致就會引起表面的不平整；擠壓過程中未能達(dá)到熔融狀態(tài)的原料，對產(chǎn)品表面均一性都會有影響，其影響的程度和這些原料的粒徑相關(guān)。 
原料經(jīng)過適當(dāng)微粉碎后，在同等的調(diào)質(zhì)和擠壓條件下，一方面粒子的相對軟化和變形程度增加，擠壓過程中的機(jī)械力可消去部分棱角；另一方面粒子體積小，對產(chǎn)品表面不平整程度的影響也小。要制得表面光潔的擠壓飼料，原料微粉碎是有效措施之一。特別在采用孔徑小于2mm的模板生產(chǎn)擠壓飼料時，大粒徑的原料對飼料表面質(zhì)量的影響極為明顯。 
表面毛糙影響擠壓顆粒飼料的外觀，并會使含粉率有所增高。但尚未見因表面不光潔影響采食量或消化率等的報道。擠壓顆粒飼料的表面平整或光潔度對養(yǎng)殖效果有多大影響？如何對這些表面質(zhì)量提出既有利于加工，又無損于養(yǎng)殖的要求？這些問題還有待于研究和討論。
4. 避免不合格粒度的措施 <o:p></o:p>
4.1．選用合適的粉碎設(shè)備
產(chǎn)品品種較少的水產(chǎn)飼料廠，如專一生產(chǎn)鰻魚、龜鱉飼料的生產(chǎn)廠家，或?qū)Ｒ簧a(chǎn)普通魚飼料的廠家，建廠時選定一臺粉碎機(jī)后，所有產(chǎn)品都由該粉碎機(jī)粉碎。在產(chǎn)品對粉碎粒度要求變化時，通過改換篩片或改變離心氣流分級器轉(zhuǎn)速等方法在小范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行粒度調(diào)節(jié)。 
這類廠家中，產(chǎn)品粒度是否合適，很大程度上決定于選用的粉碎機(jī)是否合適。不同類型的粉碎設(shè)備適用于粉碎產(chǎn)品不同的粒度要求和不同的原料特性。采用立式微粉碎機(jī)粉碎普通成魚飼料，會因能耗，設(shè)備易損件等的費(fèi)用高而使加工成本大幅度增加。以普通有篩錘片粉碎機(jī)粉碎鰻魚或蝦飼料，勢必選用篩孔直徑極小的篩片。即使如此，產(chǎn)品粒度仍得不到保證，粉碎產(chǎn)量、電耗、篩片破損速度及料溫過高等會使生產(chǎn)廠家難以承受。 
粉碎設(shè)備在日常操作管理中也會引起粉碎產(chǎn)品粒度變化。同一臺粉碎機(jī)，經(jīng)一段時間工作后，與物料接觸的部件會磨損，錘擊件與固定的篩片或齒板的間隙將增大。即使其它加工參數(shù)都不變，間隙的增加就會明顯增大粉碎產(chǎn)品粒度。粉碎機(jī)篩片的非常規(guī)破損、離心氣流分級器轉(zhuǎn)速的自動漂移或風(fēng)速波動等也會是這類廠家粉碎不當(dāng)?shù)脑颉?lt;BR>
另一類水產(chǎn)飼料廠的產(chǎn)品品種多，普通魚飼料，蝦飼料及龜鱉飼料都生產(chǎn)。在一條生產(chǎn)線中配有兩種類型不同的粉碎機(jī)。針對具體的原料和產(chǎn)品，有三種粉碎方案可選擇。當(dāng)原料和產(chǎn)品的粒度差較大時，兩種類型粉碎設(shè)備串聯(lián)使用，即先粗粉碎，后微粉碎的二次粉碎方案，往往產(chǎn)量高，能耗低，產(chǎn)品粒度更有保障。 
即使采用了兩種類型的粉碎機(jī)，由于產(chǎn)品的多樣性，對每一種類的粉碎機(jī)都要求在較大的范圍內(nèi)變化產(chǎn)品粒度。如微粉碎機(jī)既用于生產(chǎn)蝦飼料，又用于生產(chǎn)鰻魚飼料。蝦飼料和鰻魚飼料的粒度要求就不一樣，加上蝦飼料中再分成蝦飼料、中蝦飼料和幼蝦飼料等，鰻魚飼料中分成鰻飼料，幼鰻飼料、黑仔鰻飼料及白仔鰻飼料等，希望從一臺微粉碎機(jī)中得到4-5種粒度規(guī)格不同的粉碎產(chǎn)物。 
這種類型的廠家中，粉碎粒度變化范圍寬，加上生產(chǎn)品種變化頻率高，要求操作過程中應(yīng)用加工流程、篩孔尺寸、進(jìn)料量、風(fēng)量、轉(zhuǎn)速等多種調(diào)節(jié)手段來適應(yīng)粒度要求變化。并通過詳盡的操作記錄來量化設(shè)備操作要求，以求在產(chǎn)品品種變換時，及時設(shè)定合適的參數(shù)。 
4.2．免粉碎原料的正確選擇
水產(chǎn)飼料生產(chǎn)中，部分原料不經(jīng)粉碎直接與其它粉碎后的原料混合。部分原料免粉碎的目的或是為了減少粉碎能耗、提高產(chǎn)量，或是為了使某些原料免于粉碎過程中遭受破壞。 
　　何種原料可決定為免粉碎原料，首先看其粉碎過程中的破壞程度，而后看其粒度。有多種維生素在粉碎時和粉碎后生理效價大幅下降。在選購維生素原料時盡量取細(xì)粉末狀的產(chǎn)品。某些水溶性原料，如B屬維生素等，只要具有足夠的粒子數(shù)在飼料中能分布均勻，雖粒徑較大，但在粉末飼料中并不影響飼料的營養(yǎng)價值。粉末飼料飼喂前的加水?dāng)嚢枋惯@些可溶性原料成為溶液后附著于其它物料上，粉末狀時的大粒在飼喂前已消失。 
　　將某些細(xì)粉末狀的蛋白源或能量源原料固定為免粉碎原料也易導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品粒度不合格。原料的產(chǎn)地、生產(chǎn)廠家不同，同品種的原料粒度會有較大的不同。同一原料生產(chǎn)廠家在不同季節(jié)或不同參數(shù)下生產(chǎn)的原料，粒度也有差異。同類飼料在飼喂對象的不同生長期，要求有不同的飼料粉碎粒度。應(yīng)對這些變化的方法是健全原料粒度檢測制度，按批對照產(chǎn)品粒度要求，而后決定免粉碎原料品種。 
　　礦物添加劑預(yù)混料通常粒度較細(xì)，但在水產(chǎn)飼料加工中不宜作為免粉碎原料。一則礦物添加劑預(yù)混料用量少，免粉碎對提高產(chǎn)量，降低電耗貢獻(xiàn)不大；二則礦物添加劑預(yù)混料易于成團(tuán)結(jié)塊。一旦團(tuán)塊狀的礦物添加劑進(jìn)入飼料成品，會對養(yǎng)殖動物的健康形成較大的隱患。 
4.3．防止不同產(chǎn)品間的混雜
針對不同種類的水產(chǎn)動物或同類水產(chǎn)動物的不同生長期，所要求的飼料粒度有很大的差異。在同一條飼料生產(chǎn)線上，前批飼料在設(shè)備中的殘留物會進(jìn)入后批生產(chǎn)的飼料中。當(dāng)換品種生產(chǎn)細(xì)小粒度的飼料產(chǎn)品時，前批飼料的大粒子原料將影響該批飼料的粒度質(zhì)量。防止因產(chǎn)品間混雜而引起的粒度質(zhì)量下降可從批次間清理、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)安排及設(shè)備和工藝路線調(diào)整三方面進(jìn)行。
生產(chǎn)過程中，更換成粉碎粒子更細(xì)的產(chǎn)品前，混合機(jī)、提升機(jī)、螺旋輸送機(jī)、調(diào)質(zhì)器及部分料倉和溜管等有物料殘留的設(shè)備需進(jìn)行清理。清理按生產(chǎn)流程，自粉碎機(jī)后由前向后逐臺設(shè)備進(jìn)行。 
　　安排營養(yǎng)要求和粒度要求相近的產(chǎn)品銜接生產(chǎn)，盡量避免由粉碎要求不高的產(chǎn)品直接轉(zhuǎn)換生產(chǎn)粉碎要求很高的產(chǎn)品。
有一定生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的水產(chǎn)飼料廠，不宜將普通魚飼料和蝦、蟹飼料，或粉狀飼料和粒狀飼料置于同一條生產(chǎn)線中。不同飼料在原料要求、粉碎粒度要求、營養(yǎng)要求等方面差異較大。在同一條生產(chǎn)線中生產(chǎn)不同種類的水產(chǎn)飼料，為防止混雜而需要的清理工作量會很大，并由此降低生產(chǎn)能力，增加單位質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)成本。在設(shè)備投資富裕的工廠，采用帶自清裝置的自清式混合機(jī)、自清式斗式提升機(jī)等，能較大程度地減少互混引起的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降。 
4.4. 規(guī)范粒度檢測制度
粉碎粒度是水產(chǎn)飼料的重要加工質(zhì)量指標(biāo)之一。規(guī)范化的檢測，是這一質(zhì)量指標(biāo)的必要保證措施。
在水產(chǎn)飼料生產(chǎn)線安裝時，就有必要在粉碎后及調(diào)質(zhì)前各設(shè)置一個取樣口。通過前一個取樣口獲取粉碎物或分級后的粉碎物樣品。該樣品的粒度可反映出粉碎機(jī)的工作狀況。篩板孔徑是否合適，篩板有無破損，分級器調(diào)節(jié)是否合理及齒板和錘擊件的磨損等都可引起該樣品的粒度變化。調(diào)質(zhì)前獲取樣品，粉狀飼料生產(chǎn)則在成品打包前獲取樣品。所有對粒度有影響的因素都會引起該樣品的粒度變化。如粉碎后樣品的粒度合格，則引起最終產(chǎn)品粒度不合格的原因可著重在免粉碎原料和混雜兩方面尋找。
粒度檢測分化驗(yàn)員檢測和操作工檢測兩級進(jìn)行?；?yàn)員對每一個生產(chǎn)品種在調(diào)質(zhì)前或成品處取樣化驗(yàn)。按行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行粒度測定，由測定數(shù)據(jù)得出粒度是否合格的結(jié)論。操作工則需在每一個品種生產(chǎn)的開始，中間和將結(jié)束時三次檢測粉碎后的物料粒度。并在每一品種開始生產(chǎn)時檢測調(diào)質(zhì)前的物料粒度。操作工檢測為粗檢測，按產(chǎn)品要求選用一個檢查篩，該檢查篩篩孔尺寸與產(chǎn)品的最大允許粉碎粒徑相當(dāng)。當(dāng)檢查篩上發(fā)現(xiàn)有較多篩上物時則需對粉碎機(jī)、分級器等與產(chǎn)品粒度有關(guān)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行細(xì)致檢查，找出大粉粒的產(chǎn)生原因并及時進(jìn)行必要的調(diào)整。開始生產(chǎn)某批飼料時，在混合工序后對中間產(chǎn)品的粒度進(jìn)行檢測。根據(jù)檢測結(jié)果判定免粉碎原料合適與否。 
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: list 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left>參考文獻(xiàn)：
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