關(guān)注博卡病毒，探討診斷防治！

lyl

自2010年4月至今，韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)；我國(guó)的廣東、福建、廣西、江西、湖北、河北和山東規(guī)?；i場(chǎng)陸陸續(xù)續(xù)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重腹瀉：哺乳仔豬多在出生2—3天后先嘔吐，然后拉稀，很快死亡；母豬和育肥豬無(wú)明顯癥狀；散養(yǎng)戶發(fā)病率極低；按照流行性腹瀉、傳染性胃腸炎和輪狀病毒處理，基本無(wú)明顯效果。剖檢癥狀為胃腸道嚴(yán)重出血。

采集病料60份到華中農(nóng)大病毒室，新病毒（博卡病毒或Kobu病毒）檢測(cè)結(jié)果52份，檢出率86.6%，而普通病毒（傳胃、流腹或輪狀病毒）檢測(cè)率不足5%。

本人思考的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：

1、首發(fā)地多是沿海地區(qū)，為什么呢？因?yàn)檫@是從國(guó)外傳入的，一例為證，最近豬價(jià)高漲，在南方打工的老鄉(xiāng)者反映，最近天天晚上加班從船上卸凍豬肉，而這些肉多是走私過(guò)來(lái)的。所以說(shuō)近期很多地方出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模腹瀉，即便不是博卡病毒，也必然是一種新病毒的傳入。

2、為何是規(guī)?；l(fā)病嚴(yán)重，而散養(yǎng)戶發(fā)病低呢？這點(diǎn)不好理解，規(guī)?；i場(chǎng)防疫嚴(yán)格，如果要感染的話，散養(yǎng)戶應(yīng)該先表現(xiàn)才對(duì)，難道是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有或者散養(yǎng)的太少之故嗎？

3、癥狀是什么？如如何嘔吐？拉稀什么顏色等，希望一線的朋友能詳細(xì)的給與補(bǔ)充，在此謝過(guò)。

4、為何只感染乳豬，難道母豬和肥豬對(duì)此病不敏感嗎？一種新病，在沒(méi)有抗體產(chǎn)生的情況下，應(yīng)該都有癥狀的，如我和以前的同事交流得知，很多地方大豬拉稀也很普遍，黃色稀水樣，很多方法無(wú)效（以前治療各種拉稀治愈率很高），最后接種細(xì)小病毒苗，拉稀很快控制。這又說(shuō)明什么？

5、由于豬價(jià)高漲，種豬和小豬流通頻繁，如果是一種新病毒的傳入，勢(shì)必會(huì)出現(xiàn)大范圍的流行傳播，不久的將來(lái)河南將是重災(zāi)之地，河南的朋友要密切關(guān)注啊。

6、倘若此病毒只感染乳豬，又沒(méi)有很好的辦法控制的話，看來(lái)豬價(jià)還要有幾個(gè)月好行情啊。

7、以上是本人思考后的幾點(diǎn)愚見(jiàn)，因?yàn)閮赡甓鄾](méi)到處走動(dòng)了，所以臨床一線癥狀掌握有限，說(shuō)的不對(duì)之處，請(qǐng)各位朋友指正。

monkeyb307

延伸思考......
所以會(huì)爆發(fā)大概都是沒(méi)乖乖打細(xì)小病毒疫苗
母豬初乳無(wú)抗體讓小豬產(chǎn)生對(duì)博卡病毒的交叉保護(hù)

不過(guò)還是匪夷所思
DNA病毒的變異很慢很少聽(tīng)到有新興疾病
尤其還是殺傷力很強(qiáng)的病

lyl

一個(gè)網(wǎng)友的帖子：
  博卡病毒病是相當(dāng)?shù)膮柡?，無(wú)藥可醫(yī)啊，我見(jiàn)過(guò)，在四川崇州的一個(gè)DLY配套系豬場(chǎng)，總存欄5000多頭，產(chǎn)房新生仔豬存在跨欄整窩整窩死亡的病例，從本年二月至五月，先后請(qǐng)過(guò)各位專家看過(guò)，作過(guò)各種抗原檢測(cè)，疫苗免疫情況檢測(cè)，也使用過(guò)各種治療方式方法，均無(wú)效。三個(gè)月死亡一千頭小豬，老板年輕人，老爸開(kāi)酒廠的，有錢，對(duì)我說(shuō)損失60萬(wàn)，還是有些心痛，讓我出解決方案。經(jīng)我解剖觀察，死亡仔豬癥狀全在腸胃消化系統(tǒng)，充氣，出血，多數(shù)死亡小豬胃潰瘍（2-3個(gè)病灶），豬只年齡均不超過(guò)十日齡，短則生后及出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重黃色腹瀉，很快死亡。采用返飼，消毒亦無(wú)效。我的治療方案也可想而知，無(wú)從下藥，只得建議其消毒，保溫，防潮。雖然我沒(méi)有去作檢測(cè)是否為博卡病毒，但經(jīng)本人經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷，為新病毒，博卡病毒病。

lzm_001

論壇有個(gè)類似的關(guān)于博卡病毒的求助帖子，我一并發(fā)來(lái)討論。http://m.ffers.com.cn/thread-379772-1-1.html


補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：
網(wǎng)上豬這塊的博卡病毒資料不多。在人身上有相關(guān)的研究，有個(gè)也叫博卡病毒，但是查其英文名，好像不一樣。貼出來(lái)讓大家看看， Human bocavirus (HBoV)

東方不敗10號(hào)

大豬如果接種細(xì)小病毒疫苗，很快能控制腹瀉的話， 如果是真的話，只能說(shuō)明這個(gè)病毒的抗原性和細(xì)小病毒差不多。

畜牧工作者

聽(tīng)到過(guò)這方面的信息，但不了解

保健創(chuàng)始人

如果真的用細(xì)小病毒活苗，注射能控制的話就好了，一線用過(guò)的朋友多介紹下，謝謝

lzm_001

     再分享幾個(gè)文檔和內(nèi)容，供大家參考。
     1、Kobuviruses are members of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. Until now, two official, Aichi virus and Bovine kobuvirus, and one candidate kobuvirus species, 'porcine kobuvirus', have been identified in human, cattle and swine, respectively. In addition, kobu-like viruses were detected very recently in the bat. Aichi virus could be one of the causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans, and kobuviruses probably also cause diarrhoea in cattle and swine. Although Aichi virus has been detected relatively infrequently (0-3%) in human diarrhoea, high seroprevalence, up to 80-95% at the age of 30-40, was found indicating the general nature of infection in different human populations. In the previous years, much new information has accumulated relating to kobuviruses and their host species. This review summarises the current knowledge on kobuviruses including taxonomy, biology and viral characteristics, and covers all aspects of infection including epidemiology, clinical picture, host species diversity, laboratory diagnosis and it gives a summary about possible future perspectives.
  2、文獻(xiàn)
    kobu文獻(xiàn).pdf (109.24 KB, 下載次數(shù): 3)

2011-7-10 13:46 上傳

點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件

    豬博卡病毒PCR檢測(cè)方法的建立及其應(yīng)用.pdf (280.66 KB, 下載次數(shù): 1)

2011-7-10 13:46 上傳

點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件

    人博卡病毒全基因組序列測(cè)定與種系分析.pdf (518.7 KB, 下載次數(shù): 0)

2011-7-10 13:46 上傳

點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件

    人博卡病毒的研究進(jìn)展.pdf (121.12 KB, 下載次數(shù): 3)

2011-7-10 13:45 上傳

點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件

    Kobuviruses – a comprehensive review.pdf (213.54 KB, 下載次數(shù): 1)

2011-7-10 14:01 上傳

點(diǎn)擊文件名下載附件

  了解病毒，是預(yù)防和治療的前提。
  歡迎繼續(xù)關(guān)注這個(gè)話題。

lzm_001

KobuvirusFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kobuvirus is a viral genus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. The genus is composed of three species, Aichi virus, Bovine kobuvirus and Porcine kobuvirus each possessing a single serotype. Aichi virus infects man (1,2), while bovine kobuvirus (3) and porcine kobuvirus (4,5), as suggested by its name, infects cattle and swine.

Virus particles
The molecular mass of a typical virion particle of this genus is typically eight to nine million. The virions of the viruses in this genus consist of capsids that are 27 to 30 nm in diameter (1). The capsid is described as being round and displaying icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is believed to consist of 12 capsomers and the capsid shell structure of these virions has a monolayer composition (1). Using conventional electron microscopy, the structure of the capsid surface can be visualised (1,2). The virus particles contain a single species of ssRNA. These virions have a sedimentation coefficient of 140-165 S20w. The particles are described to be “relatively stable” in vitro (in comparison to other viruses) and stable in acidic conditions of pH 3.5 (2). They have also been found to be insensitive to treatment with some chemicals including chloroform, ether and non-ionic detergents (2).

Genetics
   The viruses in this genus have single-stranded, linear non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genomes with lengths of approximately 8.2-8.3 kb (2,3).

References
(1) Yamashita, T., S. Kobayashi, K. Sakae, S. Nakata, S. Chiba, Y. Ishihara, and S. Isomura. 1991. Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BS-C-1 cells from patients with gastroenteritis. J. Infect. Dis. 164:954–957.

(2) Yamashita, T., Sakae, K., Tsuzuki, H., Suzuki, Y., Ishikawa, N., Takeda, N., Miyamura, T. and Yamazaki, S. (1998). Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of Aichi virus, a distinct member of the Picornaviridae associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. J. Virol. 72: 8408-8412.

(3) Yamashita, T., Ito, M., Kabashima, Y., Tsuzuki, H., Fujiura, A. and Sakae, K. (2003). Isolation and characterization of a new species of kobuvirus associated with cattle. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 3069-3077.

(4) Reuter, G., Boldizsár, Á., Kiss, I. and Pankovics, P. (2008). Candidate new species of kobuvirus in porcine host. Emerg Infect Dis. 14:1968-1970.

(5) Reuter, G., Boldizsár, Á. and Pankovics, P. (2009). Complete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae. Arch. Virol. 154: 101-108.

zqojp

陳煥春院士講了一個(gè)專題，那位有的提供一份給大家分享吧。