水質(zhì)量：豬、家禽生產(chǎn)者的認(rèn)識(shí)和管理差異（原創(chuàng)）

畜牧編輯

　　Control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to practices in the pig industry.

　　相對(duì)于養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)而言，家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)對(duì)水質(zhì)量管理的控制更加完善、穩(wěn)定。

　　Drinking water is an essential nutrient for animals. Indeed, when the physiological animal’s requirements are not satisfied, performances can decrease and/or diseases may appear, both having an economic impact on pig and poultry production.

　　飲水是動(dòng)物的一種必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)動(dòng)物對(duì)水的生理需求沒有得到滿足時(shí)，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)生長(zhǎng)性能下降或疾病，對(duì)養(yǎng)豬業(yè)、養(yǎng)禽業(yè)均造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

　　In the field, waterline cleaning protocols seem more frequent on poultry farms than on pig farms.

　　在實(shí)際操作中，對(duì)于供水管道的清理，家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)比豬場(chǎng)執(zhí)行地更加頻繁。

　　Is it a reality? Are poultry farmers more aware of water quality than pig producers?

　　這是真的嗎？家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)主比養(yǎng)豬戶更注重水的質(zhì)量嗎？

　　In order to update data concerning the different perceptions and practices for water management on pig and poultry farms, a study has been conducted to compare water supplies, their optimization and the different management practices for piglets in post weaning rooms and broiler chickens.

　　為了掌握豬場(chǎng)、禽場(chǎng)對(duì)水質(zhì)量的認(rèn)識(shí)和管理的差別最新情況，我們開展了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，比較斷奶仔豬舍、肉雞舍水供應(yīng)、優(yōu)化、管理實(shí)踐差異。

　　Survey of producers
　　參與調(diào)查的生產(chǎn)商

　　A survey was carried out on pig and poultry farms located in the West region of France. Twenty-five pig producers and 25 poultry farmers have been selected. A questionnaire was completed during an interview with farmers. The association between practices and the characteristics of the production has been analyzed with Khi-deux tests.

　　調(diào)查于法國(guó)西部地區(qū)的豬場(chǎng)、雞場(chǎng)開展。分別選擇了25個(gè)豬場(chǎng)和25個(gè)家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)。調(diào)查問卷采取面對(duì)面的交談形式。用Khi-deux法分析了水質(zhì)量管理實(shí)踐與農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)特性相關(guān)性。

　　In all the interviews, pig and poultry farmers stated that water quality is a main concern. Both bacteriological and chemical parameters are regarded as important for water quality, even if chemical analysis is less frequently performed.

　　在所有的交談中，養(yǎng)豬戶、家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)主表示對(duì)水質(zhì)量的擔(dān)憂。細(xì)菌、化學(xué)指標(biāo)都作為水質(zhì)量的重要考察指標(biāo)，即使化學(xué)分析并沒有被經(jīng)常執(zhí)行。

　　Water mainly comes from drilling (50% for both chickens and pigs).

　　Sixty percent of pig farmers use continuous water disinfection (chlorination) whereas 80% of poultry farmers perform it with different disinfectants (the remaining 20% use tap water).

　　Water is also an administration route for antibiotics, anthelmintics, vaccines and nutritional factors.

　　水供應(yīng)主要來自于井水（雞場(chǎng)、家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)均為50%）。

　　60%的豬農(nóng)長(zhǎng)期使用水消毒劑（氯化），80%的家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)也長(zhǎng)期使用水消毒劑，但使用的是另一種消毒劑（剩下的20%使用自來水）。

　　水還可作為抗生素、驅(qū)蟲藥、疫苗、營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的給藥途徑。

　　Swine vs poultry
　　養(yǎng)豬業(yè)vs 家禽業(yè)

　　Regarding sanitary status of animals, some recurrent diseases can be linked to unadapted water quality. Digestive disorders during the post-weaning period (82%) and lameness of birds (90%) are the most frequent disorders.

　　考慮到養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物的衛(wèi)生狀況，某些復(fù)發(fā)的疾病可能與不適應(yīng)的水質(zhì)量有關(guān)。仔豬斷奶后消化紊亂（82%），家禽跛行（90%）是發(fā)生頻率最高的疾病。

　　For many criteria poultry farmers are more aware of water quality than pig farmers. The main differences in their practices concern the monitoring of water consumption and the water line maintenance (including cleaning measures to eliminate the biofilm).

　　多數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)比養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)更關(guān)心水的質(zhì)量。兩者主要的區(qū)別是對(duì)水飲用量的監(jiān)控、供水管道的維護(hù)（包括消滅生物膜的清潔措施）。

　　No pig farmers drain water lines while 72% of poultry farmers do.

　　During the down period, all the poultry farmers set up protocols with mechanical and chemical procedures: 44% use flushing, draining, base, acid and disinfectant whereas 24 out of 25 pig farmers only clean the troughs in post-weaning rooms.

　　沒有豬場(chǎng)對(duì)供水管道進(jìn)行排空、干燥處理，而72%的家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)卻這樣做了。

　　在排干期間，所有的家禽農(nóng)場(chǎng)對(duì)供水管理執(zhí)行機(jī)械和化學(xué)的管理措施：44%使用了沖洗、排干、堿性和酸性消毒劑，然而25個(gè)調(diào)查的豬場(chǎng)中，有24個(gè)僅清洗了斷奶仔豬舍的飲水槽。

　　Conclusion

　　This study underlined that the control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to the pig industry. These different treatments and maintenance practices could help to prevent digestive disorders in weaners and thus to reduce antibiotic consumption.

　　總結(jié)
　　這項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明家禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)對(duì)水質(zhì)量的管理更加完善。這些管理、維護(hù)方面的差異可幫助預(yù)防斷奶仔豬的消化道紊亂，及降低抗生素的使用量。

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       譯者：戶啟蔚譯